Diseases and Treatments for the Heart
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- Diseases of the heart and cardiovascular system
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Symptoms
- High blood pressure
- Can lead to
- A heart attack
- A stroke
- A kidney failure
- Can lead to
- No symptoms
- Known as the silent killer
- High blood pressure
- Cause
- May have an unknown cause
- Be caused by a medical problem or medication
- Possible treatment
- Avoid salty foods
- Eat
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Whole-grain
- High-fibre
- Control alcohol intake
- Take medication
- Symptoms
- Low blood pressure
- Symptoms
- Lack of energy
- Feeling tires
- Dizzy quickly when you get up
- Cause
- Too little blood circulating
- Treatment
- Eat more salty foods
- Drink water
- Symptoms
- Stroke
- Symptoms
- Temporary or permanent loss of sensation to body parts
- Causes
- Blood clot or burst blood vessel
- These blockages flow to the brain
- Brain cells can’t get enough oxygen
- Damages or kills brain cells
- Brain cells can’t get enough oxygen
- These blockages flow to the brain
- Blood clot or burst blood vessel
- Treatment
- Use medication that helps to prevent the blood from clotting
- Symptoms
- Heart attack
- Symptoms
- Discomfort or pain in the centre of your chest
- Discomfort in the upper body
- Arms
- Shoulders
- Neck
- Jaw
- Back
- Nausea
- Shortness of breath
- A cold sweat
- Feeling dizzy or light-headed
- Cause
- Atherosclerosis
- Narrowing of the arteries
- Fat (cholesterol) is deposited along the artery walls
- Coronary arteries become blocked and there is not enough blood flowing to the cardiac muscle
- This results in death of cardiac muscle cells
- As the cells die, a person will have a heart attack
- Coronary arteries become blocked and there is not enough blood flowing to the cardiac muscle
- Fat (cholesterol) is deposited along the artery walls
- Narrowing of the arteries
- Atherosclerosis
- Treatment
- Take medication to dissolve blockages
- Undergo medical procedures
- Stent implantation
- Bypass surgery
- Long-term use of medicine
- Symptoms
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Treatments of heart disease
- Stents
- Used
- When the coronary artery becomes blocked
- How
- Tube that is expandable is inserted into the blood vessel with a deflated balloon as well as a tube
- Tube is made out of metal
- The balloon is inflated, expanding the stent
- The tube is removed
- Tube that is expandable is inserted into the blood vessel with a deflated balloon as well as a tube
- Used
- Valve replacement
- Used
- When there is a faulty valve
- How
- Stem cells harvested from patients bone marrow
- Stems cells grown into heart valve cells in a petri dish
- Heart valve cells placed in a special mould to form the shape of a valve
- After six weeks the valve is fully grown
- Used
- Xenotransplantation
- How
- Animal organs are transplanted into humans
- Pig hearts are genetically engineered to not be genetically rejected
- Over 60 000 heart valves have been transplanted
- How
- Congenital conditions
- A medical condition you were born with
- Heart transplants
- Used
- When there is no other medical option to fix a diseased heart
- How
- Very complicated surgery
- Used
- Pacemakers
- Used
- Control abnormal heart rhythms
- How
- A device is inserted underneath the patient's collarbone
- The device uses electrodes to send an electric signal to the heart muscle
- This regulates the heart beat artificially
- The device uses electrodes to send an electric signal to the heart muscle
- A device is inserted underneath the patient's collarbone
- Used
- Bypass surgery
- Used
- When there is a blocked coronary artery
- How
- Doctor removes blood vessel from patients leg
- Uses it as a graft
- Graft inserted into the aorta
- Graft inserted into the blocked coronary artery
- Doctor removes blood vessel from patients leg
- Used
- Stents