Mind Map

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Activity 1 Geography
- Differences in Development between regions
  - Development stats of a country can be misleading
    - They give the average of the country
    - Not the differences
  - Some parts may be more develops than others
- Environmental
  - Resources
    - Food
      - Must make sure they have enough so they don't starve
    - Services
      - Medical is needed
      - Eduction " "
    - Space
      - Too close of a area and diseases will spread quickly
  - Environmental Indicators
    - Shows the impact on human activity on the environment and natural resources
    - Environment provides the resources
    - Examples
      - High GDP can be at the cost of the environment
- Factors affecting development
  - Reasons for Differences in Development
    - Historical reasons
      - South Africa's history changed the country and people's lives
        One small change
      - Colonization of was one big change that affected many countries
        Main aim was to control the natural resources
        Countries were often used for cheap resources and cheap labour.
    - Trade
    - Technology and industrialization
    - Health and welfare
    - Education
    - Political stability
- Social
  - Education
    - Helps to reduce poverty
    - It spread the knowledge about the world
    - It promotes democracy, peace and stability
      - It promotes a diplomatic society
    - It can increase people's wealth
    - Education informs people about health issues
    - It leads to well-trained workers
  - If any of the factors above are not complete or accessible the person or people will suffer in growth
  - All of these are mainly linked to life expectancy.
  - These are stated by constitution to be....
    - Adequate housing
    - Healthcare
    - Sufficient food and water
    - Basic education
    - Sanitation
    - Employment
  - Population
    - Birth Rate
      - Number of people born per 1000 people per year
    - Death rate
      - Number of people that die per 1000 people per year
    - Undeveloped Countries
      - High birth rate
        Lack of sex education and contraception
      - Death because of no medicine and doctors
      - Low life expectancy
  - Health
    - Developing countries have a lot less money to spend on healthcare
    - Poor nutrition and bad housing affects health levels
    - Healthier societies have higher development levels
  - Political Stability
    - Countries that are politically stable are able to use their natural and human resources for development.
      - The government can run a country without conflict
    - These countries are democracies that hold regular elections and have social policies that do not change much
    - Political stability is usually linked to poor economic growth and lack of delivery from the government
    - Somalia is an example of a country with conflict
      - This has almost destroyed the country
      - Has prevented farming (famine of 2011)
      - Thousands of productive people have left (brain drain)
  - Human Development Index
    - HDI Includes 3 Indicators
      - GDP per Capita
      - Education
      - Life expectancy
    - Includes both social and economic factors
    - It indicates the level of human development.
    - An HDI close to 1 indicates a highly developed country
    - A lower HDI close to zero indicates a less developed country
    - SA is ranked 123-187
    - Gini Co Efficient
      - In SA there is a huge gap between the incomes of the rich and the poor.
        A Gini score of 0 indicates a complete equality of income
        A score of 1 indicates a scale of complete inequality
  - Social Indicators
    - In poorer countries health problems lead to shorter life expectancy
      - If the government intervene
    - Health Problems
      - AIDS in South Africa
      - TB
      - Diseases
  - Health and Welfare
    - Food and Nutrition
      - Societies that can support a healthy lifestyle for their people have higher development levels
      - Improvement lead to better development
      - Improvements during the Green revolution
        Improvements in agricultural techniques
    - Access to Welfare
      - Impact (impact of vaccinations, etc.) is that it has improved the health and welfare of communities
      - Healthier people can work for longer and earn more to create better living conditions
- Economic
  - This is mainly related to GDP per Capita
    - It relates to the growth of the individual that relates upon the growth of the country
    - You figure this out by GDP over Population
  - Some countries can have a bad GDP but appear in the North
    - These countries are exceptions
  - Terminology
    - Primary activities
      - Extraction of raw materials from nature
        Developing country's most people involved in this sector
    - Secondary
      - The making of the product
    - Tertiary
      - These are service industries
        Power supply
        Water
        Roads
        Transport
        Retail
    - Rural
      - A place far away from a city
    - Urban
      - A built up settlement like a town or city
    - Quaternary Industries
      - These are knowledge industries
        They give help to others
        Bank and insurance companies
        Doctors
        Teachers
        Many government activities fall under this heading
    - Infrastructure
      - Installations such as roads
      - Bridges
      - Sewers
  - Economic Indicators
    - Most Common Indicator- GDP
      - The total value in money of the values of all the goods and services produced by a country
      - It Indicates how much money each person in the country would have if all the money earned during the year was divided equally.
      - GDP per Capita
        GDP
        _______
        Total Population
  - How trade holds development back
    - Rich countries pay low prices for raw materials
    - Workers and producers get low wages
    - Poor people do not have enough money
    - Sometimes people are poorly lead and unhealthy
    - Government do not collect enough taxes to provide social services
    - People do not become more skilled
    - The country experiences a "brain drain" where all of the skilled people leave
  - Trade Reasons for Differences in Development
    - Globalization
      - Treatment continued from Colonization regarding trade
      - Multinational companies produce goods in LEDC's and sell at high prices to MEDCs
      - Has increased rapidly since 1970s
      - The destruction of space and time between international boarders with technology
    - International Trade
      - Helps circulate resources and manufactured goods
      - Trade is normally driven by big companies
      - Rich companies setup businesses in the poor countries
- Political Stability
  - Countries that are politically stable are able to use their natural and human resources for development
- Definitions
  - M.E.D.C
    - More economically developed country
  - First World
    - The Norh
  - Developing
    - Poorer Country
  - NIC
    - Newly Industrialized Country
  - Non-Industrialized
    - Have not's, poor world
  - Developed
    - Rich Country
  - Industrialized
    - Have's, rich world
  - L.E.D.C
    - Less Economically Developed Country
  - Third World
    - Poor South
- Ways of Measuring Development
  - Development Indicators provide information about...
    - Wealth
    - Health
    - Education
- Development
  - The use of resources and technology to bring about an improvement in the quality of life and standard of living in a country
  - Quality of Life
    - How good or bad a person's life is: the level of comfort that they have.
  - Standard of living
    - The amount of wealth and access to resources that people have

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